Endometriosis y su relación en la salud física, emocional y calidad de vida de mujeres en edad reproductiva en América Latina: revisión de la evidencia científica, 2020–2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65415/0bezx222Palabras clave:
Endometriosis; Dolor pélvico; Salud mental; Calidad de vida; Salud de la mujer.Resumen
La endometriosis es una enfermedad ginecológica crónica que puede comprometer simultáneamente el funcionamiento físico, el bienestar emocional y la calidad de vida de las mujeres en edad reproductiva. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar la evidencia publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre dichas dimensiones en población latinoamericana. Se realizó una revisión de evidencia científica con síntesis narrativa y cribado estructurado a partir de 500 registros exportados de Dimensions el 30 de agosto de 2026; la verificación bibliográfica se apoyó en PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, SciELO y páginas editoriales. Se retuvieron 23 informes: 21 como evidencia directa de América Latina y 2 como evidencia iberoamericana complementaria. Entre los 21 estudios directos, 19 correspondieron a Brasil, uno a México y uno incluyó mujeres de 14 países latinoamericanos y caribeños. Los hallazgos mostraron asociaciones consistentes entre mayor intensidad o persistencia del dolor y peor calidad de vida, ansiedad, depresión, estrés, insomnio, limitación funcional y dificultades sexuales. También se identificaron estigma, menor participación física y afectación del piso pélvico. Intervenciones quirúrgicas, psicológicas y de electroterapia mostraron mejorías en dominios específicos, sin permitir inferir eficacia universal. La evidencia regional continúa concentrada geográficamente y es insuficiente para estimar con precisión el retraso diagnóstico o comparar países de manera robusta.
Descargas
Referencias
Andres, M. P., Riccio, L. G. C., Abrao, H. M., Manzini, M. S., Braga, L., & Abrao, M. S. (2024). Visual Analogue Scale Cut-off Point of Seven Represents Poor Quality of Life in Patients with Endometriosis. Reproductive Sciences, 31(4), 1146-1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01406-6
da Luz, C. M., Matias, T. S., de Paula, R. R., Araujo, J., Nascimento, F. C., de Oliveira, Y. V., Camargos, E., Freitas, C. D., & Karloh, M. (2025). Six to seven times less likely to be physically active: Low self-determination and basic psychological needs support in women with endometriosis—A cluster analysis. PLOS ONE, 20(8), e0330446. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330446
da Silva, J. P., de Almeida, B. M., Ferreira, R. S., de Paiva Oliveira Lima, C. R., Barbosa, L. M. Á., & Ferreira, C. W. S. (2023). Sensory and muscular functions of the pelvic floor in women with endometriosis – cross-sectional study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 308(1), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-023-07037-1
de Barros Meneguetti, M., Silva, F. P., Dias, G. N., Benetti-Pinto, C. L., & Yela, D. A. (2023). Assessment of quality of life and psychological repercussions in women with endometriosis according to pain intensity. Psychology Health & Medicine, 28(3), 660-669. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2022.2121972
de França Moreira, M., Gamboa, O. L., & Oliveira, M. A. P. (2023). Cognitive‐affective changes mediate the mindfulness‐based intervention effect on endometriosis‐related pain and mental health: A path analysis approach. European Journal of Pain, 27(10), 1187-1202. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.2149
de Souza, R. J., Vilella, N. R., & Oliveira, M. A. P. (2023). The relationship between pain intensity and insomnia in women with deep endometriosis, a cross-sectional study. Sleep and Breathing, 27(2), 441-447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-022-02622-1
de Souza, R. J., Brollo, L. C. S., Carrerette, F. B., Villela, N. R., & Oliveira, M. A. P. (2024). Challenges in measuring sleep quality among women with endometriosis: A comparison of two questionnaires. Sleep Medicine, 114, 250-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.008
Donatti, L., Podgaec, S., & Baracat, E. C. (2025). Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in treating women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain: A randomized trial. Journal of Health Psychology, 30(5), 1004-1016. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053241240198
Flores, I., Torres-Reverón, A., Navarro, E., Nieves-Vázquez, C. I., Cotto-Vázquez, A. C., Alonso-Díaz, J. M., Bracero, N. J., & Vincent, K. (2024). Uncovering moderators of pain perception by women with endometriosis from Latin America and Spain: the roles of sociodemographics, racial self–identity, and pain catastrophizing. Pain, 165(9), 2111-2118. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003230
Flores-Caldera, I., Ramos-Echevarría, P. M., Oliveras-Torres, J. A., Santos-Piñero, N., Rivera-Mudafort, E. D., Soto-Soto, D. M., Hernández-Colón, B., Rivera-Hiraldo, L. E., Mas, L., Rodríguez-Rabassa, M., Bracero, N. J., Rolla, E., & Ibero-American Endometriosis Association (2021). Ibero-American Endometriosis Patient Phenome: Demographics, Obstetric-Gynecologic Traits, and Symptomatology. Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 3, 667345. https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.667345
Lavor, C. B. H., Neta, F. A. V., Viana, A. B., & Medeiros, F. D. C. (2024). The impact of surgical treatment for deep endometriosis: metabolic profile, quality of life and psychological aspects. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 46, e-rbgo42. https://doi.org/10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo42
Matías-González, Y., Sánchez-Galarza, A., Rosario-Hernández, E., Flores-Caldera, I., & Rivera-Segarra, E. (2022). Stigma and social support and their impact on quality of life and self-esteem among women with endometriosis in Latin-America and the Caribbean. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(12), e0001329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001329
Mira, T. A. A., Yela, D. A., Podgaec, S., Baracat, E. C., & Benetti-Pinto, C. L. (2020). Hormonal treatment isolated versus hormonal treatment associated with electrotherapy for pelvic pain control in deep endometriosis: Randomized clinical trial. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 255, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.018
Moreira, M. D. F., Gamboa, O. L., & Oliveira, M. A. P. (2024). Mindfulness intervention effect on endometriosis-related pain dimensions and its mediator role on stress and vitality: a path analysis approach. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 27(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-023-01381-6
Nogueira, J., Melo, V. G., Lima, L. C. S., Costa, M. V. L. R., Silva, L. C., de Sousa Gomes, L. M. R., de Melo Freire, G. I., da Cunha Leal, P., de Oliveira, C. M. B., & Moura, E. C. R. (2023). Improved quality of life (EHP-30) in patients with endometriosis after surgical treatment. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 69(8), e20230316. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20230316
Nogueira, J., Melo, V. G., Lima, L. C. S., Mendes, A. B. C., Barreto, F. N., de Sousa Gomes, L. M. R., & da Cunha Leal, P. (2024). The impact of videolaparoscopic surgery in the treatment of endometriosis on depression levels. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 70(7), e20231651. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20231651
Osaki, J. D., & Oliveira, M. A. P. (2024). What Is Behind? Impact of Pelvic Pain on Perceived Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Women with Deep Endometriosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(10), 2927. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102927
Pereira, J. O., & Kulak, J. (2025). Exploring endometriosis before surgical treatment: unraveling pain, sexual function and quality of life patterns. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 47, e-rbgo47. https://doi.org/10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo47
Pessoa de Farias Rodrigues, M., Lima Vilarino, F., de Souza Barbeiro Munhoz, A., da Silva Paiva, L., de Alcantara Sousa, L. V., Zaia, V., & Parente Barbosa, C. (2020). Clinical aspects and the quality of life among women with endometriosis and infertility: a cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health, 20(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-00987-7
Ribeiro, H. S. A. A., de Paiva, A. M. F., da Costa Porto Taliberti, B., Gonçalves, A. L. L., Condes, R. P., & Ribeiro, P. A. G. A. (2021). Psychological Problems Experienced by Patients with Bowel Endometriosis Awaiting Surgery. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 43(09), 676-681. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735938
Rodríguez-Lozano, D. C., Meza-Rodríguez, M. D. P., Cruz-Orozco, O. P., Sánchez-Ramírez, B., Olguin-Ortega, A., Silvestri-Tomassoni, J. R., Corona-Barsse, G., Escobar-Ponce, L. F., Solis-Paredes, J. M., Dominguez-Trejo, B., & Camacho-Arroyo, I. (2022). Emotional dysregulation in women with endometriosis with cyclical and non-cyclical chronic pelvic pain. BMC Women's Health, 22(1), 525. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02066-5
Silva, F. P., Yela, D. A., de Barros Meneguetti, M., Torelli, F., Gibran, L., & Benetti-Pinto, C. L. (2024). Assessment of quality of life, psychological aspects, and sexual function of women with endometriosis according to pain and infertility: a cross sectional study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 309(6), 2741-2749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07464-8
Szypłowska, M., Tarkowski, R., & Kułak, K. (2023). The impact of endometriosis on depressive and anxiety symptoms and quality of life: A systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1230303. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1230303
World Health Organization. (2025). Endometriosis. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis
Yela, D. A., de Paula Quagliato, I., & Benetti-Pinto, C. L. (2020). Quality of Life in Women with Deep Endometriosis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 42(02), 090-095. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708091
Zondervan, K. T., Becker, C. M., & Missmer, S. A. (2020). Endometriosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1244–1256. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1810764
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Encalada Campos Grecia Elizabeth, Alvarado Cabanilla Mia Odalys, Caiza Escobar Noemi Damaris, Coello Contreras Emily Cristina, Izquierdo Castro Elizabeth Karen
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
