Factores obstétricos y clínicos asociados a la severidad del prolapso de órganos pélvicos en mujeres adultas: revisión sistemática de la literatura, 2019–2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65415/h29des35Palabras clave:
Prolapso de Órganos Pélvicos; Factores de Riesgo; Paridad; Parto Obstétrico; Salud de la Mujer.Resumen
El prolapso de órganos pélvicos (POP) expresa una alteración del soporte del piso pélvico cuya magnitud anatómica no equivale necesariamente a la intensidad de los síntomas. Esta revisión sistemática analizó la evidencia publicada entre 2019 y 2025 sobre factores obstétricos y clínicos asociados con mayor severidad anatómica del POP en mujeres adultas. Se utilizó un archivo estructurado de Dimensions como fuente principal de identificación y una búsqueda complementaria dirigida en PubMed/MEDLINE y sitios editoriales; el proceso se organizó conforme a PRISMA 2020. De 145 registros identificados, se eliminaron 2 duplicados, se cribaron 143 y se incluyeron 10 estudios primarios. En conjunto, la edad avanzada y una mayor exposición obstétrica acumulada, especialmente mayor número de partos y partos vaginales, fueron los hallazgos más repetidos al comparar estadios superiores. La avulsión o deficiencia del elevador del ano y un hiato más amplio también se relacionaron con POP avanzado en estudios de imagen. El peso neonatal elevado y los intervalos intergenésicos cortos aparecieron en evidencia más limitada, mientras que el índice de masa corporal mostró asociaciones dependientes del compartimento. Menopausia, estreñimiento, tos crónica e histerectomía no presentaron evidencia uniforme de asociación independiente con severidad. Los hallazgos apoyan una interpretación multifactorial y de curso de vida, integrando historia obstétrica, envejecimiento y características estructurales sin equiparar estadio anatómico con experiencia clínica.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Encalada Campos Grecia Elizabeth, Rodriguez Reyes Ingrid Celeste, Machuca Yanchatipan Dayana Elizabeth, Sánchez Chiriboga Emily Mahily, Baque Parrales Zuleika Naomi
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
