Reconocimiento temprano de signos y síntomas del cáncer de mama como estrategia para favorecer el diagnóstico oportuno: revisión de la literatura científica, 2020-2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65415/3b7p1r56Palabras clave:
cáncer de mama; signos y síntomas; reconocimiento temprano; diagnóstico oportuno; alfabetización en salud.Resumen
El reconocimiento temprano de los signos y síntomas del cáncer de mama constituye un componente esencial para reducir los intervalos entre la aparición de manifestaciones clínicas, la búsqueda de atención y la confirmación diagnóstica. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre conocimiento de síntomas, factores relacionados con el retraso diagnóstico y estrategias orientadas a favorecer una atención oportuna. Se realizó una revisión integrativa con búsqueda en Dimensions mediante términos relacionados con cáncer de mama, signos, síntomas, reconocimiento, detección temprana y diagnóstico oportuno. De 500 registros recuperados, 24 estudios originales cumplieron los criterios de pertinencia temática y disponibilidad de resultados analizables. Los hallazgos mostraron que el nódulo o engrosamiento mamario fue el signo más reconocido, mientras que cambios del pezón, alteraciones cutáneas y síntomas no nodulares presentaron menor reconocimiento. El conocimiento varió ampliamente entre países. El retraso diagnóstico se relacionó con baja alfabetización en salud, residencia rural, miedo, estigma, uso de medicina tradicional, dificultades económicas, múltiples consultas y fallas de referencia. Las intervenciones educativas, campañas visuales, capacitación y servicios integrados mejoraron conocimiento, intención de consulta y acceso diagnóstico. Se concluye que reconocer tempranamente los síntomas puede favorecer trayectorias diagnósticas oportunas y efectivas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Encalada Campos Grecia Elizabeth, Encalada Loor Marlon Antonio, Jiménez Morán Victor John, Lombeyda Lombeyda Joselyn Liseth, Arana Hidalgo Saray Noemí
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
