Gestión educativa y bienestar docente en contextos de crisis: una revisión sistemática deliteratura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65415/q8jyrb75Palabras clave:
apoyo organizacional, resiliencia profesional, agotamiento ocupacional, liderazgo sensible, salud psicológicaResumen
El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar sistemáticamente la literatura científica reciente sobre la gestión institucional y el apoyo al profesorado ante situaciones humanas críticas en instituciones educativas. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática orientada por PRISMA 2020. La muestra final estuvo conformada por 15 estudios seleccionados de acuerdo con su pertinencia temática y metodológica. Los hallazgos se organizaron en cuatro categorías: apoyo organizacional y liderazgo sensible; demandas laborales, estrés y agotamiento; respuestas institucionales ante crisis; y resiliencia, compromiso y permanencia profesional. La evidencia muestra que la percepción de apoyo, el clima organizacional positivo, la comunicación clara, la participación en decisiones y los ajustes laborales se relacionan con mejores indicadores psicológicos y menor intención de abandono. En contraste, la sobrecarga, las decisiones poco transparentes, la insuficiencia de recursos y la ausencia de acompañamiento incrementan el desgaste. Los estudios sobre pandemia, terremotos, enseñanza remota y problemas de salud mental confirman la necesidad de respuestas flexibles y contextualizadas. Se concluye que las instituciones deben asumir el cuidado del profesorado como una responsabilidad organizacional, mediante prevención, detección temprana, liderazgo responsable y redes de apoyo. Persisten vacíos relacionados con estudios longitudinales, evaluación de protocolos institucionales y evidencia en contextos latinoamericanos, atendiendo diferencias culturales y estructurales regionales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Gladys del Carmen Santin-Zambrano
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
