Uso de materiales abiertos y no estructurados en Educación Inicial: una revisión de alcance sobre sus aplicaciones educativas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65415/bn816z66Palabras clave:
Educación Inicial, loose parts, materiales abiertos, juego, aprendizaje, revisión de alcanceResumen
Los materiales abiertos y no estructurados (loose parts) se utilizan en Educación Inicial porque pueden manipularse, combinarse y asumir funciones distintas durante el juego. Esta revisión de alcance examinó cómo se han empleado estos materiales y qué resultados se han reportado en contextos de Educación Inicial. La revisión se orientó por la guía metodológica del JBI y se reportó de acuerdo con PRISMA-ScR. La búsqueda se realizó en Scopus como base indexada principal y cubrió publicaciones de 2015 a 2025; 2026 no se incluyó por ser el año en curso. Se recuperaron 53 registros, 21 pasaron a lectura de texto completo y 20 estudios empíricos integraron el corpus final. La mayor parte de los trabajos procedió de Canadá, Estados Unidos y Australia, aunque también hubo estudios de otros nueve países. Las aplicaciones se organizaron en cinco áreas: diseño e implementación de ambientes, juego cognitivo y simbólico, ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería, artes y matemáticas (STEAM, por sus siglas en inglés) y artes, desarrollo físico y socioemocional, y aprendizajes sociales emergentes. Los resultados se repitieron con mayor frecuencia en exploración, juego simbólico, creatividad, participación e indagación, mientras que los hallazgos motrices fueron menos uniformes. En los estudios revisados, el aporte educativo de estos materiales estuvo ligado a la forma en que se organizó el ambiente, al tiempo disponible para jugar y a la intervención del docente. La heterogeneidad metodológica y el uso de una sola base de datos limitan el alcance de estas conclusiones.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Paulina Iralda Verzosi-Vargas, Zaida Liliana Balarezo-Zambrano, Edison Fabián Guasgua-Pacheco, Digna Alejandra Orozco-Inga
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
