Actividad física estructurada y funciones ejecutivas en niños y adolescentes con TDAH: revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65415/earcnh03Palabras clave:
TDAH, actividad física, funciones ejecutivas, control inhibitorio, memoria de trabajoResumen
Esta revisión documental sistematizada reunió estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025 sobre actividad física estructurada y funciones ejecutivas en niños y adolescentes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Scopus fue la fuente principal y PubMed se utilizó como complemento. La búsqueda recuperó 428 registros; después de eliminar duplicados, retirar los documentos fuera del periodo y aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, quedaron 304 registros únicos. De ellos, 67 publicaciones primarias pasaron a una revisión ampliada y 57 conformaron el corpus final. La síntesis consideró intervenciones físicas planificadas que evaluaran atención, control inhibitorio, memoria de trabajo, flexibilidad cognitiva o función ejecutiva global. La atención apareció en 48 publicaciones, el control inhibitorio en 33, las funciones ejecutivas globales en 28, la memoria de trabajo en 18 y la flexibilidad cognitiva en 15; estas categorías se superponen porque un mismo estudio podía medir más de un dominio. Las intervenciones incluyeron ejercicio aeróbico, programas multicomponente, exergaming, entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, artes marciales, deportes de raqueta, natación, yoga, salto de cuerda, patinaje y propuestas rítmico-motrices. En conjunto, los estudios muestran resultados con frecuencia favorables, sobre todo en control inhibitorio y memoria de trabajo, aunque también se encontraron resultados nulos o mixtos y una marcada diversidad en protocolos, instrumentos y muestras. La evidencia disponible permite considerar el ejercicio estructurado como una estrategia complementaria, pero no sustenta una modalidad o dosis única para todos los niños y adolescentes con TDAH.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Cristhian Ismael Gómez-Gaona, Alba Karina Espinel-Guadalupe, Lorena Lisbeth León-Granizo, Betsy Asly Solís-Gómez, Rodrigo José Pazmiño-Pérez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
