Evaluación de la calidad universitaria mediante indicadores multidimensionales: evidencia empírica en instituciones de Educación Superior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65415/jtxybm81Palabras clave:
Calidad universitaria, Educación Superior, Dimensión, Indicador, EvaluaciónResumen
El artículo aborda la calidad universitaria como un fenómeno multidimensional que requiere ser comprendido desde diferentes perspectivas y no mediante un indicador aislado. Su objetivo es identificar evidencia científica relacionada con modelos e indicadores empleados para evaluar la calidad de las instituciones de Educación Superior, considerando dimensiones como docencia, investigación, vinculación con la sociedad, innovación, gestión institucional e internacionalización. La investigación se desarrolló mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura, siguiendo los lineamientos establecidos por el protocolo PRISMA 2020. Después del proceso de búsqueda, depuración y selección, se analizaron 25 artículos publicados entre 2022 y 2026. Los estudios revisados abordaron principalmente aspectos vinculados con investigación, gestión institucional, acreditación, docencia, experiencia estudiantil, pertinencia, innovación y transformación digital. Asimismo, se identificó que los resultados de aprendizaje, la empleabilidad, la vinculación social y el impacto generado por las universidades constituyen elementos relevantes para valorar su calidad. En conclusión, la evidencia analizada respalda la necesidad de implementar modelos integrales de evaluación que articulen múltiples dimensiones e indicadores y que, además, consideren las características particulares de cada institución. La diversidad metodológica identificada demuestra que la calidad universitaria no puede explicarse mediante indicadores individuales. Por ello, resulta pertinente desarrollar investigaciones empíricas, longitudinales, comparativas y de métodos mixtos que permitan validar modelos contextualizados a las instituciones de Educación Superior ecuatorianas.
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