Autorregulación del Aprendizaje como mecanismo explicativo plausible de la relación entre inteligencia artificial generativa y pensamiento crítico en Educación Superior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65415/6j6sqe42Palabras clave:
IAG, ChatGPT, SRL, aprendizaje autorregulado, revisión sistemáticaResumen
La expansión de la inteligencia artificial generativa (IAG) en la educación superior ha generado resultados divergentes sobre su relación con el pensamiento crítico (CT): mientras algunos estudios reportan beneficios cognitivos, otros advierten riesgos asociados a la dependencia tecnológica y la delegación del esfuerzo intelectual. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si la autorregulación del aprendizaje (SRL) constituye un mecanismo explicativo plausible de la relación entre IAG y CT en educación superior. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura con enfoque cualitativo y alcance descriptivo-interpretativo, siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se efectuó en Scopus y ERIC, considerando publicaciones entre 2022 y 2026 en español e inglés. Tras el proceso de identificación, cribado y elegibilidad, se incluyeron 84 estudios primarios: 67 sobre IAG y su relación con CT, y 17 sobre IAG y su relación con la SRL. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los estudios reportó asociaciones positivas entre IAG y CT, principalmente cuando los estudiantes verificaron, contrastaron y evaluaron críticamente los contenidos generados; sin embargo, cerca de una cuarta parte informó resultados negativos o no significativos. Solo cuatro estudios aplicaron análisis estadísticos de mediación, lo que evidencia una base empírica limitada para la ruta IAG → SRL → CT. La evidencia converge en que los efectos de la IAG dependen de procesos autorregulatorios, especialmente planificación, monitoreo, verificación y reflexión. No obstante, la heterogeneidad metodológica e instrumental restringe la posibilidad de establecer relaciones causales. Se concluye que la SRL constituye un mecanismo explicativo plausible de la relación entre IAG y CT, pero esta interpretación permanece parcial y no concluyente. Los hallazgos justifican un modelo conceptual y futuras investigaciones longitudinales y experimentales orientadas a comprobar empíricamente dicha relación.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jonnathan Fabricio Morales-Quintana, Sttfy Abigail Echevel-Picón
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